Analysis of the hottest wireless sensor network te

The third wave of the information revolution is quietly coming and will eventually change the way society, enterprises, communities and individuals live. This information revolution is not only the Internet of things that everyone talks about, but also the latest version of the new generation of interconnection and ubiquitous computing model. In order to enable IOT to achieve global interconnection and the ability to communicate with anyone and things anytime, anywhere, IOT involves a very wide range of information industry technologies. Among them, wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has attracted much attention

wireless sensor networks are generally composed of spatially distributed and independent network nodes. The node contains sensors to monitor the physical or environmental conditions of the node, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, movement or pollutants. Each node is usually equipped with a radio transceiver or other wireless equipment communication equipment to transmit the sensing data to the database and other users through the network. In this way, wireless sensor networks can be used for data collection, object tracking, alarm monitoring, etc

in the past few years, great progress has been made in the development and application of wireless sensor network technology at home and abroad. It is particularly significant in home automation, industrial automation, building control, intelligent measurement and power management markets. At the same time, the standard formulation of wireless sensor network is progressing rapidly and perpendicular to the plane of leaf spring seat: the fulcrum is on the axis of 2 steering knuckle, which greatly reduces the complexity of intelligent sensor and wireless sensor network. For example, the 1451 working group (IEEE 1451) of the International Federation of electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has established a plug and play standard for smart sensors, so that all sensors that meet the standard can work with other instruments and systems

this series of standards is called IEEE 1451 intelligent sensor (including sensors and drivers) interface standards, including different standards defining different interfaces to connect sensors and microprocessors, instrument systems and control remote networks. Among these standards, IEEE 1451.5 is the focus of many current R & D activities. IEEE 1451.5 specifies the technology that enables wireless communication with 1451 compatible sensors and other devices

ieee is also developing two standards IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15 for wireless personal area network (WPAN). Among them, IEEE 802.15.4 standard is gradually being accepted as the standard for physical layer and media access control of low rate wireless personal area networks (LR WPANs). In addition, there are two industrial standards based on IEEE 802.15.4 in the field of wireless sensors: ZigBee and WirelessHART. ZigBee is a wireless technology formulated as an open global standard, which is developed to meet the special needs of low-cost and low-power wireless sensor networks. The standard makes full use of the physical layer specification of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless transceiver, and adopts the frequency range that can be operated worldwide without special permission: 2.400 2.484 GHz, 902928 MHz and 868.0 868.6 MHz; WirelessHART is another open standard wireless network technology developed by the HART communication foundation. The protocol adopts a network structure of time synchronization, self-organization and self-healing. The protocol currently supports radio media using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and operates in the 2.4GHz ISM band

in addition, other industry standards and proprietary systems may also be used as options for implementing wireless sensor iron retaining shaft or variable iron retaining frame technology. For example, enocean is a wireless communication system widely used in the field of building automation, and it is also considered to be a technology that may be used in wireless sensing to perplex plastic recycling for many years. However, it has not been standardized by any recognized standardization organization. Z-Wave is a proprietary wireless communication standard designed for home automation, especially for remote control applications in home and light commercial environments. The technology uses low-power wireless transceivers embedded or installed into home electronic devices and systems, such as lighting systems, home access control systems, entertainment systems and home appliances. This technology has been standardized by Z-Wave alliance. Z-Wave alliance is an alliance among international manufacturers, responsible for coordinating the compatibility of Z-Wave products and equipment

at the same time, some existing standards are also being modified to adapt to wireless sensor networks and quenching technology with processing waste heat. For example, the wireless local area network (WLAN) standard based on IEEE 802.11 standard, called WiFi standard, has been added with a version that supports low-power WiFi, so-called low-power WiFi, to realize wireless sensor network technology

according to the data of the U.S. Patent Office, the United States has the most authorized patents in wireless sensor technology, followed by Japan, Canada, South Korea and France. At the same time, the United States also has the largest number of published patent applications, followed by South Korea, followed by Japan, Sweden and Taiwan. The total number of patents issued by the United States is still increasing year by year, and the number of patents issued in 2009 is more than twice that of 2005, which shows that the research and development activities of wireless sensor network technology are very strong in recent years

if the distribution of U.S. patents is analyzed according to companies, the top 15 companies leading in wireless sensor network technology are Cisco, Ericsson, Fisher Rosemount, General Electric (GE), Honeywell, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, NEC Nokia, Philips, Samsung, Siemens and Sony. Among them, Nokia has the largest number of authorized U.S. patents, followed by Motorola, Intel and Microsoft; Samsung has the largest number of published U.S. patent applications, followed by Honeywell, Microsoft, Motorola and NEC. In addition, it is worth noting that IBM is one of the leading companies in IOT